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Sorting Materials into Groups Class 6 Chapter 4 Science Notes
The things we use on a daily basis are made up of different types of materials. These materials have mass, shape, and are classified according to a variety of criteria, including their physical states and properties.
What are the Properties of Material?
Materials can be divided into different groups based on their properties. The properties of materials are listed below:
- Firstly, materials can be categorized according to their states- Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
- Secondly, the criterion for sorting materials is their appearance. A material’s appearance can vary based on its colour, texture, hardness and softness.
- Thirdly, the criteria used to sort the materials are based on their solubility. The solubility depends on soluble and insoluble of materials in water.
For example- Salt and sugar are soluble in water. Chalk and sand are insoluble in water.
- The fourth criterion for sorting materials is based on metal and non-metal content. Coal, chalk, rubber are examples of non-metals while iron, copper, and gold are examples of metals.
- The last criteria used to sort the materials are based on the light transmission through objects, which includes Opaque, Translucent and Transparent.
Classification of Materials
Materials can be classified based on several properties:
- Transparency
- Hardness
- Soluble and Insoluble
- Float and Sink
Classification of materials is based on properties such as appearance, hardness, transparency, solubility, and density.
- Appearance
Polishing
Metal polishing acts as a protective shield to metal surfaces because it stops oxidation. It is a method of improving the durability and texture of metal surfaces as they are much less likely to wear or corrode.
Materials can be differentiated from each other based on their looks. Some like diamond and gold are shiny and is termed as lustrous materials.
Some other materials like graphite and wood do not appear shiny and are generally known as non-lustrous materials.
- Hardness
Toughness
The property of material to withstand stress without breaking is termed as toughness. A material with high strength and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and high ductility.
Materials that can be compressed or deformed easily are referred to as soft substances. Whereas, materials that are difficult to bend or compress are termed as hard substances.
- Solubility
Some substances completely disappear or dissolve in water. These substances are soluble in water.
Other substances do not mix with water and do not disappear even after we stir for a long time. These substances are insoluble in water.
- Floatation
Buoyancy
The upward force applied by the fluid on the body or the object when it is put in or submerged in the fluid is termed as Buoyancy.
Materials can be classified based on the sinking of floating in water:
For example, a leaf floats on water whereas a metal spoon will sink in water.
Density
Density is defined as mass per volume. In other words, it is the amount of particles of a substance packed into a certain amount of space.
If the particles are packed tightly together, the density would be greater than if they are loosely packed with a lot of empty space around them.
This is taken as mass per unit volume of a given object. The SI unit is kg/m3.
Density is the reason some objects sink and other objects float.
- Transparency
Materials can be grouped into three main categories based on their ability to transmit light.
An object, which allows visible light to pass through it, is called a transparent object. We can clearly see through a transparent object. Example: glass, fish tank.
An object, which allows partial passage to light, is called a translucent object. Example: plastic bottle, paper cup.
An object, which does not allow passage to light, is called an opaque object. We cannot see through an opaque object. Example: wood, metals.
What are the advantages of classification?
The following are the several advantages of the classification of material:
- It helps in the identification of objects.
- It helps in the sorting of the objects.
- It also helps in locating things when unable to find them.
- It makes the study of different objects easy and meaningful instead of studying each material separately from each other which becomes hard.
- It helps to understand similarities and dissimilarities between the objects around us.
Benefits of Revising from our NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Notes- Sorting Materials into Groups
We have prepared the revision notes on Class 6 Science Chapter 4 – Sorting Materials into Groups in such a manner that students do not have to look up for study materials separately on the internet. Students will be able to cover the major concepts and points of the chapter easily and in an organized way with our comprehensive notes.
Conclusion
There are different types of materials in nature. Some are natural, while others are synthetic or man-made. It is essential to sort these materials into groups or categories for ease of use and to conduct further studies on them. In this chapter, we discuss sorting and properties of materials, as well as the classification of these materials.
Also Read –
- Food: Where does it come from? Class 6 Notes
- Components of Food: Class 6 Chapter 2 Science Notes
- Fibre to Fabric: Class 6 Chapter 3 Science Notes
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