# CBSE Physics Class 11

CBSE CLASS 11: AN OVERVIEW

CBSE Class 11 is a crucial year for students because it sets the foundation for all the important topics that will be covered not only in class 12 but in further studies too. It is important to study sincerely in Class 11 not only for the CBSE Board exams but also for the competitive exams that will ensure entry into a good college. Students should utilize the Class 11 academic year to build their basics, doing so will help them to face the board exam confidently next year.

PHYSICS XI
Class XI (Theory)

TERM – I

Time: one and half hours.                                                                    Max Marks: 35

Syllabus assigned for first term

 No. of Periods Marks Unit–I Physical World and Measurement 6 20 Chapter–1: Physical World Chapter–2: Units and Measurements Unit–II Kinematics 16 Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane Unit–III Laws of Motion 10 Chapter–5: Laws of Motion Unit–IV Work, Energy and Power 12 15 Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power Unit–V Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body 16 Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion Unit–VI Gravitation 8 Chapter–8: Gravitation Total 68 35

Unit I: Physical World and Measurement

Chapter-1: Physical World

Physics-scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology, and society. (To be discussed as a part of Introduction and integrated with other topics)

Chapter-2: Units and Measurements

Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass, and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.

Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Unit II: Kinematics

Chapter-3: Motion in a Straight Line

Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and nonuniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity time and position-time graphs.

Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).

Chapter-4: Motion in a Plane

Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors, and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors.

Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, uniform circular motion.

Unit III: Laws of Motion

Chapter-5: Laws of Motion

Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion. (Recapitulation only)

Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power

Chapter-6: Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.

Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

Chapter-7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod.

Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation).

Unit VI: Gravitation

Chapter–8: Gravitation

Universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity (recapitulation only) and its variation with altitude and depth.

Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite, Geo-stationary satellites.

TERM – II

Syllabus assigned for Term II

 Unit Periods Marks Unit-VII Properties of Bulk Matter 22 23 Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter Unit-VIII Thermodynamics 10 Chapter–12: Thermodynamics Unit-IX Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases 08 Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory 12 Unit-X Oscillations and Waves 23 Chapter–14: Oscillations Chapter–15: Waves Total 63 35

Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter

Chapter-9: Mechanical Properties of Solids

Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus

Chapter-10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem, and its applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat, temperature, (recapitulation only) thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{v}}$ – calorimetry; change of state latent heat capacity.

Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation (recapitulation only), thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein’s displacement Law, Stefan’s law, Greenhouse effect .

Unit VIII: Thermodynamics

Chapter-12: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), heat, work, and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes.

Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes

Unit IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

Chapter-13: Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.

Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s number.

Unit X: Oscillations and Waves

Chapter-14: Oscillations

Periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions.

Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period. Free, forced, and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance.

Chapter-15: Waves

Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, Beats

PRACTICALS

Syllabus for TERM I

The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their First term examination, has to include:
Record of at least 4 Experiments, to be performed by the students
Record of at least 3 Activities [with 3 each from section  and section , to be demonstrated by teacher.

Time Allowed: One and half hours                                             Max. Marks: 30

 Two experiments one from each section 8 Marks Practical record (experiment and activities) 2 Marks Viva on experiments, and activities 5 Marks Total 15 Marks

Experiments

1. To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier Calipers and hence find its volume.
2. To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.

OR

To determine volume of an irregular lamina using screw gauge.

1. To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.
2. To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.
3. To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.
4. Using a simple pendulum, plot its $L-T^{2}$ graph and use it to find the effective length of second’s pendulum.

OR

To study variation of time period of a simple pendulum of a given length by taking bobs of same size but different masses and interpret the result.

1. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to find the co- efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.

OR

To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination $\theta$ by plotting graph between force and $\sin \theta$.

Activities

1. To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g., $0.2 \mathrm{~cm}, 0.5 \mathrm{~cm}$.
2. To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.
3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.
4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.
5. To study the variation in range of a projectile with angle of projection.
6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane (using a double inclined plane).
7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.

Syllabus for TERM II

The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination, has to include:
Record of at least 4 Experiments, to be performed by the students
Record of at least 3 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be demonstrated by teacher.

Time Allowed: One and half hours                                             Max. Marks: 30

 Two experiments one from each section 8Marks Practical record (experiment and activities) 2Marks Viva on experiments, and activities 5 Marks Total 15 Marks

Experiments

1. To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.

OR

To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension.

1. To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between and , and between and .
2. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.

OR

To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.

1. To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a cooling curve.
2. To determine specific heat capacity of a given solid by method of mixtures.
3. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using sonometer.

OR

To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer.

1. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two resonance positions.

Activities

1. To observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax.
2. To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip.
3. To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observations.
4. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillary rise.
5. To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
6. To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loaded at (i) its end (ii) in the middle.
7. To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid.

## NCERT Solutions For Physics Class 11

The CBSE course structure is designed in a manner to ensure that students do not go through a lot of pressure, moreover, books are made interactive and interesting for students to enjoy their studies. A lot of fun activities are included in between the chapters to help students learn in a playful way. It makes the process of conveying knowledge to the students efficient and healthy.

## Important Questions For Physics Class 11

The CBSE course structure is designed in a manner to ensure that students do not go through a lot of pressure, moreover, books are made interactive and interesting for students to enjoy their studies. A lot of fun activities are included in between the chapters to help students learn in a playful way. It makes the process of conveying knowledge to the students efficient and healthy.

## CBSE Class 11 Videos

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